Professor Julian Davis MD, PhD, FRCP, FSB

Professor of Medicine
- Email: julian.davis@manchester.ac.uk
- Telephone: +44 (0)161 275 5181
- Alternative Telephone: +44 (0)161 275 5180 (Secretary)
AV Hill Building (3.004)
University of Manchester
Oxford Road
Manchester
M13 9PT
Role
- Consultant Endocrinologist, Manchester Royal Infirmary
- Professor of Medicine, University of Manchester
- Head of School, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences
Memberships of Committees and Professional Bodies
- Society for Endocrinology
- The Endocrine Society, USA
- British Society for Neuroendocrinology
- Association of Physicians
- Society of Biology
Research
I am a clinical endocrinologist with a research interest in pituitary gene regulation. My clinical work is based in Manchester Royal Infirmary, and my research is based in new laboratories in the AV Hill Building at the University of Manchester.
My research focusses on the mechanisms for gene regulation in the pituitary gland. A major project, funded by Wellcome Trust programme grants in 2003-2009 and 2009-2015, is studying the nature of dynamic variation in promoter activity in living endocrine cells. This collaboration with Prof Mike White (Manchester), Prof John Mullins and Prof Alan McNeilly (Edinburgh), and Prof David Rand (Warwick) is addressing the mechanisms of real-time oscillating patterns of gene expression in living pituitary cells, with a view to better understanding of hormonal regulation, both in normal and tumorous cells. We have studied the co-ordination of patterns of gene expression in adult and developing pituitary tissue (Harper et al, 2010, J Cell Science; Featherstone et al, 2011, J Cell Sci), and have used mathematical modelling to understand cyclical patterns in individual cells in culture (Harper et al, 2011, PLoS Biol). Work on in vivo imaging has revealed interesting and unexpected findings regarding the role of prolactin in inflammatory response (Semprini et al, Mol Endocrinol, 2009; Endocrinology, 2012).
Other research projects include a BBSRC-funded programme led by Prof Andrew Loudon, with Prof Alan McNeilly and Prof Dave Burt (Roslin), investigating the mechanisms of photoperiodic regulation of the neuroendocrine axis, using prolactin as a target system which is seasonally regulated (Dupre et al, 2010, Curr Biol), and a Wellcome Trust-funded project with Prof Georg Brabant on the role of Wnt signalling in pituitary growth and hyperplasia (Giles et al, 2011, J Cell Science).
Methodological Knowledge
- Cell culture
- Gene regulation and promoter analysis
- Cell imaging
Teaching
Undergraduate teaching
I am involved in teaching medical students in all 5 years of the Manchester MB ChB programme, with regular lectures and weekly bedside or seminar teaching sessions for Year 3 students. I give lectures to Year 3 biology students as part of the BIOL30441 course.
Postgraduate: current PhD students
Amanda Patist (2009-2013) - supervisor, co-supervised by Mike White, BBSRC IMB studentship
Emma Jenkinson (2008-2011) - co-supervisor, with Bill Newman
Alex West (2008-2012) - co-supervisor, with Andrew Loudon; BBSRC studentship
Stephanie Sarri (2009-2012) - co-supervisor, with Andrew Loudon; BBSRC studentship
Lee Dunham (2011-2015) - supervisor, co-supervised by Mike White, BBSRC studentship
Postgraduate: past students
Adam Giles (PhD, 2011)
Claire Jennings (MPhil, 2009)
Antony Adamson (PhD, 2008)
Andrea Norris (MD, 2006)
Jonathan Johnston (PhD, 2001)
Derek McFerran (PhD, 2001)
Adam Stevens (PhD, 2000)
Biography
I trained in Medicine at Edinburgh University, and did my clinical training in Edinburgh with Prof Chris Edwards and in Nottingham with Dr William Jeffcoate. I obtained my PhD and MD as an MRC Clinical Training Fellow and then Lecturer in Medicine working with Profs Bill Hoffenberg and Michael Sheppard at Birmingham University, before moving to Manchester, initially as Senior Lecturer in Medicine.
In external roles I have been a member of Council for the Society for Endocrinology, and acted as Chairman of its Awards Committee and the British Endocrine Societies Liaison Committee; I was Deputy Editor and then Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Endocrinology during 2000-2008. I was Chairman of the Royal College of Physicians Joint Specialty Committee for Endocrinology and Diabetes during 2004-2006, and am currently Secretary and Treasurer of the Clinical Endocrinology Trust. I was a member and vice-chair of the Physiology and Pharmacology panel for the Wellcome Trust during 1999-2004, and am currently a member of the MRC Population and Systems Medicine Board (2008-2013) and of the BBSRC Integrative and Systems Biology Panel (2011-2014).
In spare time I am an active pianist and play in chamber ensembles and in a 2-piano duo. I enjoy mountain walking and climbing, especially winter routes on the Scottish Munros.
Qualifications
- BSc (1st class Hons, Physiology)
- MB ChB (Edinburgh)
- MD (Edinburgh)
- PhD (Birmingham)
- FRCP
- FSB
- LRAM (Piano, Perf)
Collaborators and affiliated staff
- Prof Mike White, University of Manchester
- Prof Alan McNeilly, University of Edinburgh
- Prof John Mullins, University of Edinburgh
- Prof David Rand, University of Warwick
- Prof Andrew Loudon, University of Manchester
- Prof Dave Burt, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh
- Prof Georg Brabant, University of Lubeck, Germany
Publications
2012
- Featherstone K, White MRH, Davis JRE. (In-press). The Prolactin Gene: A Paradigm of Tissue Specific Gene Regulation with Complex Temporal Transcription Dynamics. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, eScholarID:158231
- Johann Ockenga, Luzia Valentini, Tatjana Schuetz, Franziska Wohlgemuth, Silja Glaeser, Ajmal Omar, Esmatollah Kasim, Daniel du Plessis, Karen Featherstone, Julian R. Davis, Uwe J.F. Tietge, Thomas Kroencke, Josef Köhrle, Georg Brabant. (2012). Plasma bile acids are associated with energy expenditure and thyroid function in humans. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 97(2), 535-542. eScholarID:136202 | DOI:10.1210/jc.2011-2329
- Semprini Sabrina, McNamara Anne V, Awais Raheela, Featherstone Karen, Harper Claire V, McNeilly Judith R, Amanda Patist, Rossi Adriano G, Dransfield Ian, McNeilly Alan S, Davis Julian RE, White Michael RH, Mullins John J. (In-press). Peritonitis activates transcription of the human prolactin locus in myeloid cells in a humanized transgenic rat model. Endocrinology, eScholarID:158238
- YY Wang, C Higham, T Kearney, JRE Davis, PJ Trainer, KK Gnanalingham. (2012). Acromegaly surgery in Manchester revisited – the impact of reducing surgeon numbers and the 2010 consensus guidelines for disease remission. Clinical Endocrinology, 399-406. eScholarID:128085 | DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04193.x
2011
- JRE Davis. (2011). Hyperprolactinaemic anovulation. In JAH Wass, PM Stewart (Ed.), Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology. (pp. 1224-1229). Oxford: OUP. eScholarID:92377
- Adamson A, Jackson DA, Davis JRE. (2011). Novel approaches to in vitro transgenesis. Journal of Endocrinology, 208, 193-206. eScholarID:97927
- CV Harper, B Finkenstädt, DJ Woodcock, S Friedrichsen, S Semprini, L Ashall, DG Spiller, JJ Mullins, DA Rand*, JRE Davis*, MRH White*. (2011). Dynamic Analysis of Stochastic Transcription Cycles. PLoS Biology, 9(4), 100607. eScholarID:113553 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000607
- Davis JRE. (2011). Imaging of endocrine gene expression in a humanized transgenic rat. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 1245, 38-39. eScholarID:146028 | DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06341.x
- Giles A, Madec F, Friedrichsen S, Featherstone K, Chambers T, Resch J, Brabant GE, Davis JRE. (2011). Wnt signaling in estrogen-induced lactotroph proliferation. Journal of Cell Science, 124, 540-547. eScholarID:76961 | DOI:10.1242/jcs.078642
- Jenkinson EM, Clayton-Smith J, Mehta S, Bennett C, Reardon W, Green A, Pearce SH, De Michele G, Conway GS, Cilliers D, Moreton N, Davis JR, Trump D, Newman WG. (2011). Perrault syndrome: further evidence for genetic heterogeneity. Journal of Neurology, eScholarID:158229
- Jenkinson EM, Kingston H, Urquhart J, Khan N, Melville A, Swinton M, Crow YJ, Davis JR, Trump D, Newman WG. (2011). Newly recognized recessive syndrome characterized by dysmorphic features, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, severe microcephaly, and sensorineural hearing loss maps to 3p21.3. Am J Med Gent A, 155(12), 2910-2915. eScholarID:158235
- K Featherstone, CV Harper, A McNamara, S Semprini, DG Spiller, J McNeilly, AS McNeilly, JJ Mullins, MRH White, and JRE Davis. (2011). Pulsatile Patterns of Pituitary Hormone Gene Expression Change During Development. Journal of Cell Science, 124, 3484-3491. eScholarID:123978 | DOI:10.1242/jcs.088500
- Kirkman JA, Forgacs B, Heap S, Howell SJ, Davis JR, McWilliam L, Prescott M, Augustine T. (2011). Third resection of pheochromocytoma aided by preoperative 123I-MIBG scintigraphy and intraoperative gamma probe measurements. NuklearMedizin, 50, N8-N11. eScholarID:119134
2010
- Annice Mukherjee, Matthew Helbert, Julian Davis, Stephen Shalet. (2010). Immune function in hypopituitarism: time to reconsider? Clinical Endocrinology, 73, 425-431. eScholarID:79691 | DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03751.x
- Dupré SM, Miedzinska K, Duval CV, Yu L, Goodman RL, Lincoln GA, Davis JRE, McNeilly AS, Burt DD, Loudon ASI. (2010). Identification of Eya3 and TAC1 as long-day signals in the sheep pituitary. Current Biology, 20(9), 829-835. eScholarID:76959 | DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2010.02.066
- Harper CV, Featherstone K, Semprini S, Friedrichsen S, McNeilly J, Spiller DG, McNeilly AS, Mullins JJ, Davis JRE*, White MRH*. (2010). Dynamic organisation of prolactin gene expression in living pituitary tissue. J Cell Science, 123, 424-430. eScholarID:76958 | DOI:10.1242/jcs.060434
- Leach P, Abou-Zeid AH, Kearney T, Davis JRE, Trainer PJ, Gnanalingham KK. (2010). Endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: evidence of an operative learning curve. Neurosurgery, 67(5), 1205-1212. eScholarID:122086 | DOI:10.1227/NEU.0b013e3181ef25c5
- Westwood M, Maqsood A, Solomon M, Whatmore AJ, Davis JRE, Baxter RC, Gevers EF, Robinson ICAF, Clayton PE. (2010). The effect of different patterns of growth hormone administration on the IGF axis, somatic and skeletal growth of the dwarf rat. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 298, E467-E476. eScholarID:76957 | DOI:10.1152/ajpendo.00234.2009
2009
- Ahmed H Abou-Zeid, Julian RE Davis, Tara Kearney, Kanna K Gnanalingham. (2009). Transient asystole during endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for Acromegaly: an example of trigeminocardiac reflex. Pituitary, 12, 373-374. eScholarID:79688 | DOI:10.1007/s11102-008-0118-2
- Mukherjee A, Helbert M, Ryder WD, Borrow R, Davis JRE, Shalet SM. (2009). Failure of antibody response to polysaccharide antigen in treated panhypopituitary adults. Clin Exp Immunol, 156(2), 271-277. eScholarID:1d18695 | DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03881.x
- Semprini, S, Friedrichsen, S, Harper, C, McNeilly, J, Adamson, A, Spiller, D, Kotelevtseva, N, Brooker, G, Brownstein, D, McNeilly, A, White, M, Davis, JRE, Mullins, J. (2009). Real-time Visualisation of Human Prolactin Alternate Promoter Usage In vivo Using a Double-Transgenic Rat Model. Mol Endocrinol, 23(4), 529-538. eScholarID:1d32005 | DOI:10.1210/me.2008-0399
2008
- Davis JRE. (2008). Molecular and Cell Biology. In S Tomlinson, AM Heagerty, AP Weetman, R Malik (Ed.), Mechanisms of disease. (pp. 1-41). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. eScholarID:10820
- Djokomoeljanto R, Soeatmadji DW, Davis JRE. (2008). Endocrine diseases. In CJ van Boxtel, B Santoso and IR Edwards (Ed.), Drug Benefits and Risks. (pp. 751-779). Amsterdam: IOS Press. eScholarID:10808
- Adamson A, Friedrichsen S, Semprini S, Harper CV, Mullins JJ, White MRH, Davis JRE. (2008). Human prolactin gene promoter regulation by estrogen: convergence with tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling. Endocrinology, 149(2), 687-694. eScholarID:1d31930 | DOI:10.1210/en.2007-1066
- Bevan, J, Newell-Price, J, Wass, J, Atkin, S, Bouloux, P, Chapman, J, Davis, JRE, Howlett, T, Randeva, H, Stewart, P, Viswanath, A. (2008). Home administration of lanreotide Autogel by patients with acromegaly, or their partners, is safe and effective. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 68( 3), 343-9. eScholarID:1d32510 | DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03044.x
- Demssie Y, Davis JRE. (2008). Hyperprolactinaemia. Clin Med, 8(2), 216-219. eScholarID:1d18139
- Dupré, S, Burt, D, Talbot, R, Downing, A, Mouzaki, D, Waddington, D, Malpaux, B, Davis, JRE, Lincoln, G, Loudon, A. (2008). Identification of melatonin-regulated genes in the ovine pituitary pars tuberalis, a target site for seasonal hormone control. Endocrinology, 149(11), 5527-5539. eScholarID:1d32193 | DOI:10.1210/en.2008-0834
- Finkenstädt, B, Heron, E, Komorowski, M, Edwards, K, Tang, S, Harper, C, Davis, JRE, White, M, Millar, A, Rand, D. (2008). Reconstruction of transcriptional dynamics from gene reporter data using differential equations. Bioinformatics, 24(24), 2901-2907. eScholarID:1d32400 | DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/btn562
- Leontiou, C, Gueorguiev, M, van der Spuy, J, Quinton, R, Lolli, F, Hassan, S, Chahal, H, Igreja, S, Jordan, S, Rowe, J, Stolbrink, M, Christian, H, Wray, J, Bishop-Bailey, D, Berney, D, Wass, J, Popovic, V, Ribeiro-Oliveira, A, Gadelha, M, Monson, J, Akker, S, Davis, JRE, Clayton, R, Yoshimoto, K, Iwata, T, Matsuno, A, Eguchi, K, Musat, M, Flanagan, D, Peters, G, Bolger, G, Chapple, J, Frohman, L, Grossman, A, Korbonits, M. (2008). The role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein gene in familial and sporadic pituitary adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 93( 6), 2390-401. eScholarID:1d32616 | DOI:10.1210/jc.2007-2611
- Prabhakar V, Davis JRE. (2008). Hyperprolactinaemia. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 22(2), 341-353. eScholarID:1d32617 | DOI:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2007.08.002
2007
- Semprini S, Troup T, Kotelevtseva N, King K, Davis JRE, Mullins L, Chapman K, Dunbar D, Mullins J. (2007). Cryptic loxP sites in mammalian genomes: genome-wide distribution and relevance for the efficiency of BAC/PAC recombineering techniques. Nucleic Acids Res, 35(5), 1402-1410. eScholarID:1d18140 | DOI:10.1093/nar/gkl1108
2006
- Davis JRE, McNeilly JR, Norris AJ, Pope C, Wilding M, McDowell G, Holland JP, McNeilly AS. (2006). Fetal gonadotrope cell origin of FSH-secreting pituitary adenoma - insight into human pituitary tumour pathogenesis. Clinical Endocrinology, 65(5), 648-654. eScholarID:1d26619
- Friedrichsen, SS, Harper, C, Semprini, S, Wilding, MMR, Adamson, AD, Spiller, DG, Nelson, D, Mullins, JJ, White, MRH, Davis, JRE. (2006). TNF-alpha activates the human prolactin gene promoter via NF-kappaB signaling. Endocrinology, 147(2), 773-781. eScholarID:1d26710 | DOI:10.1210/en.2005-0967
- Gerlo S, Davis JRE, Mager D, Kooijman R. (2006). Prolactin in man: a tale of two promoters. Bioessays, 28(10), 1051-1055. eScholarID:1d32209 | DOI:10.1002/bies.20468
2005
- Bhattacharyya A, Kaushal K, Tymms DJ, Davis JRE. (2005). Steroid withdrawal syndrome after successful treatment of Cushing's syndrome: a reminder. European Journal of Endocrinology, 153(2), 207-210. eScholarID:1d11554
2004
- Davis JRE. (2004). Prolactin and reproductive medicine. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol, 16( 4), 331-7. eScholarID:1d32127
- Kaushal K, Bhatacharyya A, Gibson JM, Varghese B, Davis JRE. (2004). Adequacy of information delivered to patients during consultation for thyrotoxicosis. Clinical Endocrinology, 61, 778-782. eScholarID:17d488
2003
- Johnston JD, Cagampang FRA, Stirland JA, Carr A-JF, White MRH, Davis JRE, Loudon ASI. (2003). Evidence for an endogenous, Per-1 and ICER-independent seasonal timer in the hamster pituitary gland. Faseb Journal, 17, 810-815. eScholarID:1d25196 | DOI:10.1096/fj.02-0837com
- Johnston JD, Stirland JA, White MRH, Davis JRE, Louden ASI. (2003). Heterogenous regulation of individual lacotroph cells by photoperiod in the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). Gen Comp Endocrinol, 134, 182-186. eScholarID:1d25197
- Norris AJ, Stirland JA, McFerran DW, Seymour ZC, Spiller DG, Loudon ASI, White MRH, Davis JRE. (2003). Dynamic patterns of growth hormone gene transcription in individual pituitary cells. Molecular Endocrinology, 17, 193-202. eScholarID:1d25195 | DOI:10.1210/me.2002-0201
- Stirland JA, Seymour ZC, Windeatt S, AJ Norris, Stanley P, Castro M-, Loudon ASI, White MRH, Davis JRE. (2003). Real time imaging of gene promoter activity using an adenoviral reporter construct demonstrates transcriptional dynamics in normal anterior pituitary cells. Journal of Endocrinology, 178, 61-69. eScholarID:1d6054
2002
- Ray DW, White A, Davis JRE. (2002). Ectopic pituitary hormone production. Genetics in Endocrinology. eScholarID:3d733
- Davis JRE, McMahon RF, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG, Lincoln GA, McNeilly AS. (2002). Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in the ovine pituitary gland is associated with hypophysitis. Journal of Endocrinology, 173, 265-271. eScholarID:1d2444
- Davis JRE, Trainer PJ. (2002). Pituitary tumour therapy: using the biology. Neuroendocrinology Briefings, 17, eScholarID:1d26020
- Davis JRE, White MRH. (2002). Prolactin gene expression - seeing the dynamics of transcriptional response. The 5th International Congress of Neuroendocrinology, 31, S37. eScholarID:17d922
2001
- Davis JRE, Farrell WE, Clayton RN. (2001). Review: Pituitary tumours. Reproduction, 121, 363-371. eScholarID:1d25198
- Davis JRE, McNeilly AS. (2001). Is gene therapy for pituitary tumours realistic? Clinical Endocrinology, 55, 427-433. eScholarID:1d25199
- Davis JRE, McVerry J, Lincoln GA, Windeatt S, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG, McNeilly AS. (2001). Cell-type specific adenoviral transgene expression in the intact ovine pituitary gland after stereotaxic delivery: an in vivo system for long-term multiple parameter evaluation of human pituitary gene therapy. Endocrinology, 142, 795-801. eScholarID:1d2437 | DOI:10.1210/en.142.2.795
- McFerran DW, Stirland JA, Khan RA, Seymour ZC, Gill MS, Robertson WR, Loudon AA, Davis JRE, White MRH. (2001). Persistent synchronised oscillations in prolactin gene promoter activity in living pituitary cells: induction by serum shock. Endocrinology, 142, 3255-3260. eScholarID:1d2441
- Stevens A, Ray DW, Alansari A, Hajeer A, Thomson W, Donn RP, Ollier WER, Worthington J, Davis JRE. (2001). Characterization of a prolactin gene polymorphism and its associations with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum, 44, 2358-2366. eScholarID:1d15732
- Stevens A, Ray DW, Worthington J, Davis JRE. (2001). Polymorphisms of the human prolactin gene--implications for production of lymphocyte prolactin and systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus, 10, 676-683. eScholarID:1d19277
- Stirland JA, Johnston JD, Cagampang FR, Morgan PJ, Castro MG, White MRH, Davis JRE, Loudon AA. (2001). Photoperiodic regulation of prolactin gene expression in the Syrian hamster by a pars tuberalis-derived factor. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 13, 147-157. eScholarID:1d2436
- Umana P, Gerdes CA, Stone D, Davis JRE, Ward D, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR. (2001). Efficient FLPe recombinase enables scalable production of helper-dependent adenoviral vectors with negligible helper-virus contamination. Nature Biotechnology, 19, 582-585. eScholarID:1d2439
2000
- TD Southgate, S Windeatt, J Smith-Arica, C Gerdes, MJ Perone, Davis JRE, D Klatzman, PR Lowenstein, MG Castro. (2000). Transcriptional targeting to anterior pituitary lactotrophic cells using recombitant adenovirus vectors in vitro and in vivo. Endocrinology, 141, 3493-3505. eScholarID:1d25194
1999
- FRA Stevens, A Hajeer, John S, W Thompson, J Worthington, Davis JRE, Ollier WER. (1999). The Bgll polymorphism of the human prolactin gene lies within intron C and can be detected by PCR/RFLP. European Journal of Immunogenetics, 26, 261-263. eScholarID:1d25192
- Heaney AP, Laing L, Walton L, Seif MMW, Beardwell CG, Davis JRE. (1999). Misleading hyperprolactinaemia in pregnancy. Lancet, 353(9154), eScholarID:1d2055
- Reem G, Ray DW, Davis JRE. (1999). Coordinated regulation of human prolactin gene transcription by immunophilins and cAMP. J Mol Endocrinol, 22, 285-293. eScholarID:1d20330
- Reem G, Ray DW, Davis JRE. (1999). Coordinated regulation of human prolactin gene transcription by immunophilins and cAMP. J Mol Endocrinol, 22, 285-293. eScholarID:1d2580
1998
- CA Lisett, SR Peacey, I Laing, L Tetlow, Davis JRE, Shalet SM. (1998). The outcome of surgery for acromegaly: the need for a specialist pituitary surgeon for all types of growth homone (GH) secreting pituitary adenoma. Clinical Endocrinology, 49, 653-657. eScholarID:1d25190
- N Takasuka, MRH White, WR Robertson, Davis JRE. (1998). Dynamic changes in prolactin promoter activation in individual living lactrophic cells. Endocrinology, 139, 1361-1368. eScholarID:1d25188
1996
- Quinn G, Boam D, Davis JRE, Glazier JD, Mylona P, Sides K, Sibley CP. (1996). The human placenta expresses transcription enhancer factor-1 but there is no correlation with the expression of placental lactogen. J Mol Endocrinol, 16( 2), 205-10. eScholarID:1d20300
- S Kumar, Durrington, PN, S O'Rahilly, I Laing, PJ Humphreys, AO Olukoga, D Bhatnagar, Mackness, MI, Davis, JRE, Boulton, AJM. (1996). Severe insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridaemia and pseudoacromegaly. Journal Of Clincal Endocrinology And Metabolism, 81, 3465-3468. eScholarID:1d33730
- Leach P, Abou-Zeid AA, Kearney T, Davis JRE, Trainer PJ, Gnanalingham KK. Endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: evidence for an operative learning curve. Neurosurgery, 67, 1205-1212. eScholarID:76960